Hydraulic machine tool



Aug. 1, 1939. P. s. J cKsbN 2,167,890

HYDRAULIC MACHINE TOOL Filed Aug. 27, 1935 3Sheets-Sheet 1 0 kill] 1:

Jame

1, 1939- P. s. JACKSON HYDRAULIC MACHINE TOOL Filed Aug. 27, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 @ez/mjw Way/Z9077 g- 1, P. s. JACKSON 2,157,390

HYDRAULIC MACHINE TOOL Filed Aug. 27, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 @QWW tit!

s t as a UNITED STATES HYDRAULIC MACHINE TOOL corporation of Illinois Application same 27, 1935, Serial No. 38.056

40 Claims.

The invention relates generally to machine tools and particularly to a hydraulic circuit for machine tools of the continually reciprocating type such as planers, shapers, and the like.

In machines of the character described it is common practice to efiect reciprocation by a double acting piston and cylinder device. The cylinder of the device has but a single connection at each and through which both a charge of operating fluid into the cylinder to impart a working stroke to the piston and the exhaust of the fluid from the cylinder upon the return stroke of the-piston takes place. There is thus a constant surging back and forth of the operating fluid in the cylinder and in the conduit system supplying the cylinder, with the result that the fluid becomes heated with its attendant undesirable eifects, and that a portion of the fluid is trapped in the cylinder.

It is an object of this invention to perfect a system for operating machines hydraulically, in which this surging of the operating fluid in the system is avoided.

More particularly it is an object-of the invention to perfect a circuit for a machine tool having a continually reciprocating member driven by a reciprocating hydraulic motor, in which the operating fluid moves in one general direction only through the circuit and the motor.

Another object is to provide a hydraulic system for a machine tool having novel and improved valve means for controlling'the reversal and rate of movement of the reciprocating member of the machine.

Yet another object is to provide in a shaper, or the like, a vertically adjustable, work supporting rail having a piston and cylinder means for raising the rail and a similar means for lowering the rail, the pistons of said means being fixed at opposite ends in the frame of the machine, and operating fluid supply ducts for said means extending through the pistons from the fixed ends thereof.

A further object is to provide in a machine tool having a rail mounted for vertical adjustment and a work supporting table slidable horizontally on the rail, a hydraulic motor for raising or lowering the rail, a hydraulic motor for rapid traversing the table, and a hydraulic motor for effecting feed of the table all supplied with fluid from common rigid connections.

Yet a further object is to provide a work supporting table fed by a motor clutched to the table driving mechanism and rapidly traversed by a reversible hydraulic motor permanently connected to the table driving mechanism and controlled by a valve which in neutral position permits of unrestrained circulation of fluid through the valve and the traverse motor enabling free rotation of the traverse motor in either direction when the table is being fed by the feed motor.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed" description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a machine tool embodying the features of this invention.

Fig. 2 is a. diagrammatic view of the hydraulic circuit of the machine tool shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail'view partially in section showing the feeding mechanism for the work table.

Fig. 4 is also an enlarged detail view also showing the work table feeding mechanism and taken approximately in a plane along line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal plan viewof the construction shown in Fig. 3.

While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative constructions, it is here shown and will be described hereinafter in a preferred embodiment, but it is not intended that the invention is thereby to be limited to the specific construction disclosed but it is intended to cover all modifications and alternative constructions falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

General construction For purposes of disclosure, the invention is here shown and will be described hereinafter as embodied in a shaper having an elongated bed ill with a column il upstanding from the rear of the bed and housing the major'portion of the operating mechanism. Reciprocable longitudinally of the bed in ways I2 formed on the top ,of the column is a carrier or ram i3, equipped at its forward end with conventional mechanism ii for adjus'tably supporting a tool iii. The ram i3 has a forward cutting or feed stroke and a rearward traverse or; return stroke and is reciprocated by hydraulic means generally designated. |6 (Fig. 2) which, in the present instance, is composed of a plurality of motors operable to drive the ram at any one of three cutting or feed speeds and to return the ram at rapid traverse speed.

Located at the iront of the machine is the work supporting unit comprising a rail mounted for vertical sliding movement on ways I I formed on the front face of the column II, and a table I! supported on the rail II for movement transversely of the bed and of the path of reciprocation of the ram l3. The rail I1 is adjusted vertically, to position the work at the proper elevation, by means of a hydraulic motor and when so adjusted is clamped in position by conventional means, not shown. Movement of the table in either direction transversely of the path of reciprocation of the ram I3 is imparted by either of two hydraulic motors 26 and 21 supported on the rail II. The motor 21 is manually controlled and is provided for imparting a rapid traverse movement to the table for initially positioning the work horizontally with respect tothe tool or for returning the table to I V support for the forward end of the table and is adjusted to the desired height after the rail I! has been clamped in'adiusted position.

Operating fluid, oil being commonly employed, is supplied to the various motors by a pump 34 located within thecolum ii and driven by an electric motor 3i mounted onthe rear face of the column. The pump "draws fluid from a reservoir not shown through a pipe 32 and discharges the fluid at high pressure through a pipe as to a conduit system leading to the various hydraulic motors mentioned. A relief valve 34 is interposed between the pump and the pipe 33 and opens to discharge fluid directly to the reservoir when the back pressure in the conduit system exceeds a predetermined value. While for any one setting, the pump ll delivers a constant volume of fluid. the quantity of fluid discharged/by the pump may be varied by shifting a control handle 35 mounted on a control panel 36 located on the side of the column II.

The course of the fluid through the conduit system is controlled by manually and automate ically operable valves to obtain the movements of the various parts as above described. To that end the valves are manually positionable to direct operating fluid to the motors of the work supporting unit only or to both the work supporting unit and ram actuating means l6. When directed to the motors of the work supporting unit only, the ram, of course, is idle and the fluid is i'urther controlled by manual valves to raise or vfeed motor 28 prior to each cutting stroke of the ram.

Ram reciprocating means As previously stated the hydraulic means It for reciprocating the ram I! really is composed oi a plurality of motors operable to drive the ram at any one of three feed speeds and to return the ram at rapid traverse speed. Two of these motors are formed by a double acting piston and cylinder device comprising a cylinder 4| rigid in the column II and a piston 4| having afluidtight flt in the cylinder and connected by a rod 42 to a bracket 43 depending from the ram II. The third motor comprises a cylinder 44 flxed in the column II and a piston 45 of uniform diameter throughout its length and projecting through one end of the cylinder into engagement with the bracket 43. This piston 45 has a loose flt within thecylinder 44 so as to permit the passage of fluid along the cylinder between the cylinder and the piston. Both the cylinder 44 and the piston 45 are substantially larger in diameter than the cylinder 4| and the piston 4i so as to have a larger fluid capacity than the head end of cylinder 4., which in turn has a larger capacity than the rod end thereof. Because of the different fluid capacities'the motors have a rate of movement inversely proportional to their capacity when supplied from the constant displacement pump 30. Thus by directing thefluid to the head end of the cylinder 4., to cylinder 44 or to both, three cutting speeds of the ram are obtained. By directing the fluid to the rod end of cylinder 40 a return of the ram is obtainedataratemanytimesthatoftheiastest cutting In order that surging of the operating fluid in the conduit system and the motors may be avoided the cylinders 40 and .44 are each provided with a number of ports such that the fluid may have a substantially unidirectional flow. To that end the cylinder 40 is provided with an intake port 48 at one end through which fluid is supplied for the purpose of retracting the ram and is provided at the same end with a port 41 through which the fluid is discharged when the piston 4| is moved in the opposite direction. The o'ppo site end of cylinder 4. is likewise formed with an intake port 48 and a discharge port 40. Because the larger cylinder 44 is part of a single acting motor, it has only an inlet port 5. at one end and a discharge port ii at the other.

Ram circuit and control means Supply of operating fluid to the various ports of the means I6 is controlled by three valves VM, VR. and VS, each disposed in a bore in a common housing 55. The valve VM is the main control valve for the conduit system and has three positions. In the position shown in Fig. 2, it is in stop" position in which fluid from the pump 30 is cut oil from the conduit system and immediately returned by means of a pipe 5 to the reservoir. When moved to the extreme right, as viewed. in Fig. 2, the valve is in "go position, permitting fluid to be supplied to the entire conduit system. When moved to'the extreme left, the valve is in "rapid traverse" position in which it permits of the supply of fluid to the motors of the work supporting unit, but cuts oil? the supply of fluid to the means ii. The valve is moved to its various positions by means of an operating handle 51 mounted on the control panel 36.

The valve VB. is a reversing valve and functions to direct the operating fluid alternately to the opposite ends of the cylinder 4| and to the cylinder 44 so as to effect reciprocation of the pistons 4| and 45 and the ram ii. In the position shown in Fig. 2 the valve is in "return" position and directs fluid to therod end of cylinder 4. to cause a return stroke of the run". When shifted to the extreme right the valve would be in forward" position andwould cause fluid to be supplied to the remaining motors of the means l6inamannertoefl'ectaforwardorcutting stroke of the ram I3. The position of the valve VB. is automatically governed by the ram I3 itself through a pilot valve 69 actuated by a trip lever BI controlled by dogs 52 and 63 adjustably mounted on the ram I3.

The valve VS controls the speed of the forward or cutting stroke of the ram and for that stroke is superimposed upon the control by the reversing valve. As shown in Fig. 2, the valve is in "low position in which operating fluid is supplied to both the head end of the cylinder 49 and cylinder 44, resulting in a low speed because the pump 39 must supply fluid for the combined capacities of those motors. When moved to the extreme right, as viewed in Fig. 2, the valve is in medium" position and permits the supply of fluid to cylinder 44 only, thus producing a medium cutting speed because only the larger cylinder 44 must be supplied with fluid. When moved to the extreme left, the valve is in high position and permits the supply of fluid to the head end of the smaller cylinder 49 only, thus still further increasing the cutting speed because of the reduced capacity of the cylinder 40. The valve VS is manually controlled by an operating lever 95 also mounted on the control panel 36. Shifting of the valve VS to any one of its three positions does not vary the speed of the return stroke of the ram I3, such return being at the same speed for all positions of the valve VS and substantially higher than the maximum forward speed of the ram because of the relatively small capacity of the rod end of the cylinder 49.

Specifically the bore in which the valve VM reciprocates is formed with annular ports 10, II and I2 equally spaced one from the other and an annular port -13 spaced from the port I2 a distance twice that between the other ports. The valve VM proper is formed with two annular grooves TM and I4 of equal length and separated by'a land 15 equal in width to the distance between the equally spaced ports 10, II and I2. The port it connects with the supply pipe 33 from the pump 39, while port I3 communicates with the drain pipe 56.

The bore in which the valve VR reciprocates is formed withannular ports IE, 11, I8, I8, 80, 8| and at, all equally spaced. The valve proper is formed with annular grooves 83, 84 and 85 of a length suilicient to embrace two adjacent ports and equally spaced and divided by lands 86 and 81 approximately equal in length to the distance between alternate ports. Lands B8 and 99 at the ends of the valve fora pistons with which fluid directed by the pilot valve 59 reacts to shift the valve. A duct 99 connects port ill with the port til and a duct 9i connects port 9!] with port l3 and thus to the drain pipe 55. Port 18 is connected by a conduit 92 with the intake port 49 oi the cylinder 40 While the exhaust port 41 of the cylinder 40 is connected by a conduit 93 with the port l6. Conduits 92 and 93 constitute a first branch circuit leading from the reversing valve and are directly and entirely controlled thereby. A back pressure valve 94 is disposed in the conduit 93 to assure the pperation of the table feeding motor as will be described hereinafter.

flugs 95 and 98 each having a passage 91 termed therein close the bore in which the valve t lt reciprocates. The passage 91 of the plug 95 communicates by means of a conduit 98 with a port 9 of the pilot valve 60 while the passage 91 of the plug 95 communicates by means of a conduit we with'a port Illl of the pilot valve. Leadi ing from a port I92 of the pilot valve is a conduit I83 connecting at I 04 with the supply pipe 33. A port Ill5 communicates by means of a conduit I09 with the drain pipe 55. The pilot valve is of well known construction and in the position shown connects port I02 with the port 99 so as to permit fluid from. the pump ill to be discharged through the plug 95 to move the valve VB to its return position, at the same time connecting ports IM and I05 to permit the discharge of fluid from the other end of the bore through the plug 96. The valve 69 is rotated through 45 C. by the dog 62 and in that'position connects the ports so as to supply fluid to the plug 99 and thus shift the valve VR to its forward position.

In order to avoid the noise incident to the arresting of the valve VR at the end of its movements, means is provided for gradually retarding the movement of the valve. In the present instance this means takes the form of inwardly opening cylindrical sockets I 91 formed in the plugs 95 and 96 to receive reduced projections I98 on the ends of the valve VR. .The reduced projections Illa-trap fluid in the recesses I01 which fluid is gradually discharged through a restricted passage controlled bya needle valve I09. The projections I08 are formed with V-grooves H further to regulate the amount of oil trapped in the recesses It".

The bore in which valve VS reciprocates is formed withannular ports H5, H6, H1, H8, H9, I20 and HI Of these ports H5, H6 and H1 are equally spaced with respect to one another, and ports H9, I29 and I2I. are equally spaced with respect to one another, while port H8 is spaced midway between ports Ill and I I9, a distance approximately twice the distance between any of the remaining ports. Thevalve VS proper is formed with annular groovesl22, I23 and I24, equal in length and long enough to embrace three of the equally spaced ports. Port H6 is connected by a duct I25 to port 80 of the reversing valve to receive operating fluid therefrom when in "forward" position. Ports H and H1 are connected by conduits I26 and I21, respectively, to the intake port 48 of the cylinder 40 and the intake port 50 of the cylinder 44. Return conduits I28 and I29, respectively, connect exhaust port 49 of cylinder 40 and exhaust port 5| of cylinder 44 with ports H9 and I2I. Port I20 is connected by duct I39 to port 82 and port [H8 is connected by duct I3I to port BI to complete the system for returning the fluid from ducts I28 and I29 to the reservoir. Duct I32 connects port TI and port H8 to provide for the return of fluid from the rod end of cylinder 49 when the reversing valve is in forward position. It will be seen from the foregoing that ducts I25, M9 and HI and the conduits connecting valve VS and cylinders 40 and 44 constitute a second branch circuit leading from the reversing valve to the means I6 and that the valve VS is interposed in the circuit and superimposes its control on that of the reversing valve.

Rail adjusting means that end the motor 25 comprises a large cylinder I35 and a parallel smaller cylinder I35 both integral with the rail I 1. The cylinder I35 opens lowering the rail.

downwardly and receives a piston I31 fixed at its lower end in the column II. The cylinder I35 opens upwardly and receives a piston I35 likewise fixed at its projecting end in the column II. Fluid is supplied to the cylinders through ducts I39 and I45 extending longitudinally through the pistons I31 and I35 respectively. Thus it will be seen that the conduits for supplying fluid to the cylinder I35 and the cylinder I35 may be rigid. The large cylinder I35 is employed for raising the rail and the smaller cylinder I35 is employed for Conventional means not shown isprovided for clamping the rail in adjusted position.

Feed of table Feed of the table I9 transversely of the machineis eifected by means of a screw shaft I45 journaled in the rail and cooperating with the customarynut on the table, not shown. Rotation may be imparted to the shaft manually through a crank I46 adapted to cooperate with a projecting end of the shaft, but is normally imparted in timed relation to the reciprocation of the ram I3 by the motor 25. This motor comprises a cylinder I41 flxed on the rail and a piston I43 having a rod I49 projecting through the upper end of the cylinder and into engagement with an arm I55- (see Fig. 4'). rotatable on the end of the shaft I45 and carrying a pawl I5I. This pawl is spring pressed into engagement with a ratchet I52 also rotatable onthe shaft and formed with a bevel gear I53 and clutch teeth I54. The bevel gear I53 meshes with a reversing bevel gear I55 which in turn meshes with a bevel gear I55 rotatable on the shaft I45 and carrying clutch teeth I511 Keyed to the shaft I45 is a clutch I55 shiftable axially by means of a'lever I59 from neutral into engagement with either the clutch teeth I54 or the clutch teeth I51 so as to impart either a right hand or left hand rotation to the shaft I45 and thus move the table transversely of the machine in either direction.

The upper or rod end of the cylinder I41 is connected by a conduit I55 to the cylinder I35 and the lower end of the cylinder I41 is connected by a conduit IN to the cylinder I35. It will be noted that the conduit I50 is connected to that end of the cylinder I41 through which the rod I49 projects and thus'the fluid acts upon a smaller piston area than does the fluid supplied through the conduit I5I so as to produce a differ? ential piston. As will be shown hereinafter, the conduit I50 during normal operation of the machine, is always at pump pressure, while the conduit I5I is alternately connected to pump pressure just prior to forward movement of the ram I3, at which time, because of the diiferential con struction, the piston I45 is forced outwardly to rock'the pawl I5I and rotate the ratchet I52. The pump pressure in conduit I55 will, of course, return the piston immediately when pump pressure is cut oil from the conduit I5I. The extent of rotation imparted to-the shaft I45 upon each actuation of the piston I45, and consequently the extent of feed of the table I9 is determined by an adjusting screw I52 against which the end of the piston I49 abuts.

Rapid traverse of table two sources.

motorreceives operating fluid through the cylinders I35 and I35 so as not to require any flexible connections and is controlled by a valve VT of the open center type also mounted on the rail I1. Providing a bore in which the valve VT operates is a casing I51 having annular ports I55, I59 and H5 equally spaced and located substantially centrally of the valve casing. Spaced respectively from the ports I55 and I15 approximately twice the distance between the equally spaced ports are annular ports I" and I12. The valve VT proper is provided with a central land I13 and lands I14 and I15 spaced inwardly from the ends of the valve so as to provide four annular grooves. In addition the valve is provided 15 with a longitudinal central passage I15 opening radially outwardlybeyond the lands I14 and I15, and radially through the land I13. The valve is loaded by a spring I11 normally to assume its central or neutral position, as shown in Fig. 2. a

Port I59 of the valve is connected by means of a conduit I15 with one port of the motor 21, the opposite port of the motor being connected by a conduit I19 and branch passages I and Ill with the ports I and I12, respectively. 24

Port I54 connects by means of a conduit I52 with the conduit I5I so as to receive fluid from or discharge fluid to the cylinder I35, while port I15 connects by means of a conduit I33 with the conduit I55 so as to communicate with cylinder 3| I35. In the neutral position of the valve VT fluid is free to circulate through the motor 21 and the valve so that the motor, which is permanently connected to the shaft I45, may be driven without opposition as the shaft is rotated &

for feeding the table. By shifting the valve to the right or to the left, the motor 21 is driven in forward or reverse directions so that the table may be traversed in either direction. The valve VT is shifted to its operative positions by means 4 of a lever I34 pivotally mounted on the rail and suitably connected to the valvel Control of rail unit motors It will be apparent from the foregoing that the table feed motor 25, the rapid traverse motor 21 and the valve VT are all mounted on the rail I1 and receive operating fluid from the rail motor 25, the pistons I31 and I38 of which are flxed in the column II so that no flexible connections are required. Fluid is supplied to the passages I39 and I45 in the pistons of the rail motor 25 through conduits I95 and I9I terminating at their other ends in the casing I92 of a valve VF. This valve is the main control valve for selecting the operation of the table feed motor 25 or the rapid traverse motor 21 and the direction of movement of the rail by the-motor 25. To that end the valve has four positions: a "stop" pomtion, the position shown in Fig. 2, in which all valve is moved to its various positions by means of a control handle I93 mounted on the panel 35. Operating fluid is supplied to the valve VF from A constant' supply is obtained through a conduit I95 communicating at one end with theport 1I controlled by the valve VM and at the other end with an annular port I95 in 1 the casing I92. An intermittent supply is obtained through a conduit I91 communicating at one end with the port I I6 controlled by the valve VS and communicating at the other end with an 5 annular port I98 in the casing I92. Equally spaced on opposite sides of the port I99 are ports I99 and 200 connected by branch passages to the conduit I9I. Spaced downwardly, as viewed in Fig. 2, from the port I96 is an annular port 2M 10 communicatingwith the conduit I90, and spaced upwardly from the port 200 is an annular port 202 communicating with a bypass passage 203 discharging into the end of the casing which connects by means of a conduit 204 with the drain The valve VF proper is formed with an annular groove 205 and an annular groove 206, the latter being so positioned and of such-length that in the "rail-down position of the valve the groove provides communication between ports I96 and I99, and in the rail-up and feed" positions provides communication between the ports I96 and MI. The land formed intermediate the grooves 205 and 206 is of suflicient length to close 5 ports I99, I99 and 200 when the valve is in stop" position. It will be seen from the foregoing that the intermittent supply of fluid is cut on in all positions of the valve except feed, and that in flood position both the constant and the internu mittent. fluid supply are connected.

mperctioa vFor purposes of describing the operation oi the machine, assume that the ram l it stopped hetero completing its return movement, in which case the reversing valve Vita-would he in the position shown in l lg. t, and t'liatldie valves llllll and in the stop position as shown. To start operation or" the shapenthe electric motor 4m driving the pump th is first started and the dies charge of operating fluid regulated icy manipu lation of the control handle till. Fluid would then he discharged tln oug'h the conduit to port it, thence through groove i l and port ill to drain pipe lit haclr to the reservoir. To adjust the worlr in proper relation with respect to the ram l9, the control handle t'l is first swung to rapid-trot verse position, thereby shitting valve Vii/l to the left to close port 19 and open port ll to communi- 0 cute with port 12 and a supply of operating huid. If the rail I1 is to be adjusted the rail-clamping means are first released and ii the rail is to he moved down the control handle l99 is swung clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 2. Operating fluid would then flow through conduit l9d, port I96, groove 2056, port l99, conduit It l and duct ltd to the cylinder ltt forcing the rail downwardiui Fluid in the cylinder lilo during the downward movement of the rail is discharged through duct lllll, conduit ltd, port till and conduit ltd to the reservoir through drain pipe ii the rail is to he moved upwardly the control handle ltll is swung counterclockwise to the rail-up position indicated. Operating fluid then flows from the pump lll through conduit ports "ll and ll, conduit ltd, port l'tlli, groove lltli, port ldl, conduit ltd and duct lid to the cylinderldll, thereby forcing the rail upwardly. ltt the same time fluid in cylinder lllt is discharged through duct hit, conduit l9l, port 299,- groove ltli, port 992, by-

pass passage 209 and conduit ltd to the reservoir through the drain pipe 99. With the rail positioned at the proper level the valve VF is returned to stop position and the rail clamped. 75, The table I9 may now be rapid traversed in either direction to its-desired position by again swinging the control handle I93 counterclockwise to the up or rapid-traverse position. Operating fluid is now supplied to the port I96 as heretofore described, thence through groove 206, port 5 20I, conduit I90 and duct I39 to the cylinder I35. The rail being clamped, however, there is no movement of the cylinder and the full pressure of the operating fluid is'transmitted through con-, duit I60 and conduit I83 to port I10 of the rapid l0 traverse valve VT. By shifting the valve VT to the right, port I10 registers with the central radial outlet of the passage I16 and fluid is discharged through the passage to port I1I, branch passage I and conduit I19 to the motor 21. The 15 circuit for the motor 21 is completed by conduit I18, port I69 which now is connected to port I68, conduit I82 and conduit I6I to the small cylinder I36. From the cylinder I36 the fluid continues through duct I40, conduit I9I, ports 200 and 202, 20 bypass passage 203 and conduit 204 to the reservoir. If the valve VT is shifted to the left, port I10 communicates with port I69 and operating fluid is supplied to the motor through the conduit I18 thus driving the motor in the opposite direc- 25 tlon. The circuit for the motor is completed by conduit I19, branch passage I8I, port I12 which now communicates with the right end of the pas-.. sage M6, the central radial outlet oi which now registers with port N59 to discrge the fluid so through conduit ltd to cylinder ltd. From cylinder ltd the fluid tea the same course as prevlously olescrlhed.

To start operation oi the ram it the control handle til is swung clockwise to the go position as indicated thereon. ".l'he valve is now in extreme right position in which the land. cuts oh the return port it and connects the port with the port ll and port lll. @perntlng fluid now hows i'rom the port ll through duct lit to do the port which hr way at groove communal notes with port "it which in turn communicates hy duct with the port oi cylinder lll, thus supplying operating huid to complete the return strolre of the ram ll. lit this time lluid is pro vented from escaping through the outlet port ll of the cylinder llt because the conduit 99 leading therefrom is hloclred by the land 96 oi the valve VR. Fluid lrom the right end oi the cylinder 09 however is discharged through the outlet port 49, m

conduit l28, port H9, port I20, duct I30, ports 89 and Bi, duct ill to port 18, and thence'to the reservoir through the drain pipe 06. Fluid from cylinder '44 is discharged through port El, conduit I29, port ltl. and from there to the reservoir as 55,

just described.

"Upon completion oi the return stroke oi the lame the dog 9t strilres the trip lever t l, thereby rotating valve tll through d5 in a clockwise direc tion so as to edect communication hetween ports as ill and l as andhetween ports ltl and ltd, 0p crating 'lluid lrom the pump it now flows through condrdt conduit tilt to port it'll, thence to port ltl; condint lllll to passage in the plug lit, thereby eilecting a reversal oi the valve Vii. r55 Discharge of the fluid i'rom the opposite end oi the valve talres place through the passage 9i, conduit 99, ports 99 and ltd and conduit tut which communicates with the drain pipe llli.

In this position (right) of the reversing valve, m operating fluid flows from port l0 through duct 90 to the port It which now is in communication through the groove 94 with the port 80, port 18 being cut off by the land 96. From'the port 80 the fluid flows through the duct I25 to the 75 through conduit Isl, duct III to cylinder I8...

port H6. From thence it is conducted, depending upon the position of the speed control valveVS,

to both or either of the cylinders Ill and 44, there-' by to obtain the desired one of three cutting speeds; With the valve VS in the "low position, as shown, the port Iii is in communication by means of the groove I22 with both ports 5 and I I! so that operating fluid is supplied to both the head end of cylinder 40 and cylinder 44 through conduits I26 and I21. Because both piston and 40 only, thus giving the maximum cutting speed.

It will be apparent that these cutting speeds can be still further varied by controlling the rate of delivery of the pump III by manipulation of the control handle 35. When fluid is being supplied to both cylinders, escape of fluid through the outlet ports 49 and BI is prevented beoausethe port 8| is closed by the land 81 of the reversing valve VR. Upon completion of the forward stroke of the ram II at any one of the speeds, the dog 63 contacts the trip lever I to reverse the pilot valve and thereby shift the reversing valve VR.

. so as to start a return stroke of the ram.

Prior to commencement of the forward stroke of the ram I3, however, the feed motor 2' is actuated to rotate the feed shaft I" and thereby impart a predetermined feeding movement to the table ID. This feeding movement is assured because of the back pressure valve .4 disposed in the conduit 92 leading from the exhaust port 41 of the cylinder ill. The back pressure valve 04 provides sufllcient resistance to movement of the piston ll so that fluid in the port II flrst takes the path of least resistance which is through conduit I91 to port I" of valve VF. with the valve in "feed position port I communicates through groove 20! with the port 2, thence The rail Il being cla ped. however, no movement takes place and the pull pump pressure is transmitted through conduit iii to the lower end of the cylinder Ill. Because of the differential piston I the fluid overcomes the pressure on the opposite side of the piston and forces the rod Ill outwardly to rock the pawl III and thereby imparta feedto the table ll. The fluid in the upper portion of cylinder I" is forced out through conduit I", cylinder I ll, duct I 38, conduit I90, port "I, port I and conduit I" to the port II against pump pressure. The piston I" having been'actuated, the operating fluid then acts upon the pistons 4i and 45 to effect the forward stroke of the ram II. Fluid from the left end of the cylinder '40 is then discharged through the conduit 83 to the port 16 which through groove 83 is in communication with port 11, which communicates through ducts III and I32 with the annular port ll and thence through duct 9| and port I3 to the drain pipe 8. when the reversing valve VB. is in the position shown in Fig. 2, operating fluid is cut oil from the port H6 and thus from the lower end of cylinder I" so that the pump pressure constantly maintained in the upper end of the cylinder is free to move the piston Ill downwardly preparatory to a subsequent advance prior to a forward stroke of the ram.

I claim as my invention:

1. A hydraulically operated machine tool com-' prising a reciprocable carrier, a stationary cylinder, a piston in said cylinder having a rod projecting through one end thereof and into drivin engagementjwith said carrier, said cylinder having an inlet and an exhaust port at each end thereof, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a conduit system connecting with said pump and the ports in said cylinder, and a valve in said conduit system controlling the connections of said system to the ports in said cylinder, said valve having a flrst position in effect opening the inlet and closing the exhaust port in the head end of said cylinder and closing the inlet and opening the exhaust port in the rod end, and a second position in effect closing the inlet and opening the exhaust port in the head end and opening the inlet and closing the exhaust port in the rod end to eflect reciprocation of said carrier and unidirectional flow of fluid through the system.

2. A hydraulically operated machine toolcomprising a reciprocable carrier, a double acting piston and cylinder means associated with said carrier to effect reciprocation thereof, a pump for supplying operating fluid to said means, a conduit system having two connections with each end of said cylinder connecting said pump with said piston and cylinder means, and a valve interposed in the system and controlling said connections to supply fluid alternately to opposite ends of said cylinder through one only of said connections to obtain reciprocation of said carriage and unidirectional flow of the fluid through the system.

3. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a "reciprocable carrier, a stationary cylinder, a piston in said cylinder having a rod pro- Jecting through one end thereof and into driving engagement with's'aid carrier, said cylinder having an inlet and an exhaust port at each end thereof, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a conduit system connecting with said pump and the ports in said cylinder, and valve mechanism controlling the course of the fluid through said conduit system to effect reciprocation of said car; rier and discharge of fluid into said cylinder only through said inlet ports and discharge from said cylinder only through said outlet ports.

4. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a reciprocable carrier having a forward and a return stroke, a flrst cylinder having an inlet port and an exhaust port, a piston in said cylinder operable to drive said carrier on its forward stroke, a second cylinder, a double acting piston in said second cylinder operable to drive said carrier in either direction, said second cylinder having an inlet and an exhaust port at each end, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a conduit system connecting said pump and said cylinders, and valve mechanism controlling the conduits leading to said ports to effect reciprocation of said carrier and to effect supply of operating fluid to said cylinders only through said inlet ports and discharge from the cylinders only throughthe exhaust ports. I

5. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a reciprocable carrier having a forward and a return stroke, a plurality of reciprocable motors for driving said carrier at different speeds, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a conduit system connecting said pump and said motors, a

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first valve controlling the reversal of said carrier, said valve in one position directing the fluid in said conduit system to one of said motors to effect a return stroke of said carrier and in another position directing the fluid to a plurality of different motors to effect a forward stroke, and a second valve further controlling the fluid directed to the plurality of motors to render the motors individually or jointly operable to vary the speed of the forward stroke of the carrier.

6. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a reciprocable carrier, a plurality of motors of different capacities for driving said carrier at different speeds, a pump for supplying a constant volume of operating fluid, a conduit system connecting said pump and said motor, a first valve directing the fluid in said conduit system to one only or to a plurality of said motors to control reversal of said carrier, and a second valve further contrhlling the fluid directed to a plurality of said motors by said first valve to render the motors selectively operable to vary the speed at which the carrier is driven.

'7. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a reciprocable carrier having a forward and a return stroke, a plurality of reciprocable motors of different capacities for driving said carrier, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a

conduit system connecting said pump and said motors, a first valve controlling the reversal of said carrier, said valve in one position directing the fluid in said idsn'duit system to the motor having the smallest capacity to effect a rapid return stroke of said carrier and in another pos tion directing the fluid to the remainder of said motors to effect a forward stroke, and a second valve further controlling the fluid directed to the remainder: ref said motors to render the motors selectively tj'pera-ble to vary the speed of the forward stroke or the carrier. 7

8.A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a reciprocable carrier, a plurality of motors of different capacities for driving said carrier at different speeds, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a reversing valve for controlling the reversals of said carrier, a connection between said reversing valve and said pump, a first branch circuit controlled by and leading from said reversing valve to one of said motors, a second branch circuit controlled by and leading from said reversing valve to the remainder of said motors, and a speed selector valve interposed in said second branch circuit to render said motors selectively operable to vary the speed of the carrier.

9. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a reciprocable carrier, a plurality of mo' tors of different capacities for driving said carrier at different speeds, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a reversing valve for controlling the reversals of said carrier, a connection between said valve and said pump, a first and a second branch circuit leading from and controlled by said reversing valve and each including separate supply and return ducts to permit of unidirectional flow of fluid in said circuits, said first branch leading to one only of said motors, and said second branch leading to the remainder of said motors, and a speed selector valve interposed in said second branch circuit to render said motors selectively operable to vary the speed of the carrier.

10. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a reciprocable carrier having a forward and a return stroke, a first cylinder, a piston in said cylinder operable to drive said carrier on its forward stroke, a second cylinder smaller than said first, a double acting piston in said cylinder operable to drive said carrier in either direction, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a conduit system connecting said pump and said cylinders, a first valve controlling the reversal of said carrier, said valve in one position directing the fluid in said conduit system to one end only of said smaller cylinder to effect a return stroke of said carrier and in another position directing the fluid to the other end of said small cylinder and to said large cylinder to effect a forward stroke, and a second valve further controlling the fluid supplied to effect .a forward stroke to render the pistons selectively operable to vary the speed of the forward stroke.

11. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a reciprocable carrier having a forward and a return stroke, a first cylinder having an inlet and an exhaust port, a piston in said cylinder operable to drive said carrier on its forward stroke, a second cylinder smaller than said first, a double acting piston in said cylinder having a rod projecting through one end thereof and operable to drive said carrier in either direction, said second cylinder having an inlet and an exhaust port at each end, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a conduit system connecting said pump and said cylinders, a first valve controlling the reversal of said carrier, said valve in one position directing the fluid in said system only to the rod end of said second cylinder to effect-a rapid return stroke of said carrier and in another position'directing the fluid to the other end of said second cylinder and to said first cylinder to effect a forward stroke, and a, second valve further controlling the fluid directed to both cylinders to selectively supply any one or both of the cylinders with fluid to vary the speed of the forward stroke of the carrier.

12. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a reciprocable carrier having a forward and a return stroke, a plurality of reciprocable motors of different capacities for driving said carrier, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a conduit system connecting said pump and said motors, a first valve controlling the reversal of said carrier, said valve in one position directing directing the fluid to obtain a unidirectional flow of fluid in the system.

13. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a translatable tool carrier, a translatable work carrier, a hydraulic motor for driving said tool carrier, a second hydraulic motor for driving said work carrier, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a conduitsystem connecting said pump and said motors, automatic valve means for controlling the fluid in said system to continually impart to said tool carrier a forward and a return stroke, and a back-pressure valve for assuring operation of said second motor prior to a forward stroke of said tool carrier for accomplishing a progressive displacement between said two carriers to present fresh portions of the work successively to, the action of the advancing tool in said tool carrier.

14. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a translatable tool carrier, a translatable work carrier, a double acting piston and cylinder device associated with said tool carrier, fluid supply and return connections to both ends of said device, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a reversing valve alternately directing fluid to pposite ends of said device to eifect a forward and a return stroke of said. tool carrier, a hydraulic motor for driving said work carrier connected in parallel with the end of said device imparting a forward stroke to said tool carrier, and a backpressure valve in the return connection from the other end of said device causing operation of said hydraulic motor prior to a forward stroke of said tool carrier for accomplishing a progressive lateral displacement between said carriers.

15: In a machine tool, a column, a work table supporting rail mounted for vertical adjustment on said column and hydraulic means for adjusting said rail comprising a downwardly opening cylinder integral with said rail, an upwardly opening cylinder smaller than said first cylinder" also integral with said rail, a piston for each of said cylinders and having its projecting end fixed in said column, a duct extending longitudinally through each of said pistons, a pump for supplying operating fluid located in said column, and means including valve mechanism for selectively supplyfor vertical adjustment on said column, a carrier slidable on said rail, a hydraulic means for raising or lowering said rail adapted to have a rigid fluid supply connection, a hydraulic motor for effecting feed of said carrier, and a hydraulic motor for effecting rapid traverse of said carrier, both of said motors being mounted on said rail and deriving operating fluid from said hydraulic means so as to be supplied from said rigid connection.

17. In a machine tool, a column, a rail mounted for vertical adjustment on said column, a work supporting table slidable on said rail, piston and cylinder means for actuating said rail, said piston being fixed at one endin said column and having a duct extending therethrough to form an operating fluid supply connection, a hydraulic motor for effecting feed of said table, and a hydraulic motor for effecting rapid traverse of said table, both of said motors being mounted on said rail and having a connection with saidpiston and cylinder means to derive operating fluid therefrom.

18. In a machine tool, a column, a rail mounted for vertical adjustment on said column, a'workl supporting table slidable on said rail, hydraulic means for raising or lowering said rail, meansior clamping said rail in adjusted position, a first hydraulic'motor for effecting feed of said table, a second hydraulic motor for rapid traversing said table, and a fluid valve system operable to effect adjustment of the rail, or feed or rapid traverse of said table as desired.

19. In a machine tool, a column, a rail mounted for vertical adjustment on said column, a work supporting table slidable on said rail, hydraulic means for raising or lowering said rail, means for clamping said rail in adjusted position, a first hydraulic motor for effecting feed of said table, a second hydraulic motor for rapid traversing said table, and a fluid supply system including a valve having connection to a constant and to anintermittent'supply of operating fluid, said valve being shiftable to connect the system to the constant supply to raise or lower said rail and to rapid traverse said table, and to connect the system to the intermittent supply to feed the table.

20. In a machine tool, a column, a rail mounted for vertical adjustment on said column, a work supporting table slidable on said rail, hydraulic means for raising or lowering said rail, means for clamping said rail in adjusted position, a differential piston and cylinder device for effecting feed of said table, a hydraulic motor for rapid traversing said table, and a fluid supply system including a valve having a connection to a constant and to an intermittent supply of operating fluid, said valve being shiftable to cut off the intermittent supply and connect the constant supply to raise or lower said rail when the rail is unclamped and to rapid traverse said table when the rail is clamped, and to connect both said constant and said intermittent supply to said diiferential piston and cylinder device to effect intermittent feed of said table.

21. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising, in combination, a translatable tool carrier, a translatable work carrier, a hydraulic mo- '-tor for actuating said tool carrier, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a conduit system connecting said pump and said motor including a reversing valve for controlling the fluid to eifect forward and return strokes of said tool carrier, a diiferential piston and cylinder device for intermittently feeding said workcarrier, a connection between said pump and said device constantly exposing the small end thereof to full pump pressure, and a conduit controlled by said reversing valve intermittently supplying full pump pressure to the large end of said device to effect a feed of the work support prior to a forward stroke of said tool carrier.

22. A hydraulic shaper comprising, in combination, a column, a tool-carrying ram reciprocably mounted on said column, a hydraulic motor for reciprocating said ram, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a conduit system including a reversing valve for supplying operating fluid from said pump to said hydraulic motor, a rail mounted for vertical adjustment on said column, a work supporting table slidable on said rail, hydraulic means for raising or lowering said rail, means for clamping said rail in adjusted position, a hydraulic motor for effecting feed oi said table, a hydraulic motor for rapid traversing said table, and a fluid supply system connecting said hydraulic means and last named motors including a valve, a connection from said valve to said pump to obtain a constant supply of operating fluid, and a connection from said valve to said reversing valve to obtain an intermittent supply of operating fluid, said valve being shiftable to connect the constant supply to raise or lower said rail and to rapid traverse said table .and to connect both the intermittent and the constant supply to efiect feed of the table.

23. In a machinetool, a column, a rail mounted on said column, a work supporting table slidable on said rail, a feed screw mounted on, said rail and engaging said table to efiect movement thereof, a reciprocatory hydraulic motor having a connection with said feed screw for intermittently feeding said table, a rotary hydraulic motor having a permanent connection with said feed screw for rapid traversing said table, a fourway valve controlling the supply pf fluid to said rotary motor and having a neutral position permitting -iree circulation of fluid through the valve and the rotary motor in either direction.

- differential pistonand cylinder device for effecting intermittent feed of said table, a hydraulic motor for eflecting rapid traverse movement of said table, a valve controlling the supply of operating fluid to said hydraulic motor, a connection from one of said cylinders to said rapid traverse motor valve and to one end of said differential piston and cylinder device, a connection from the other cylinder to said rapid traverse motor valve and to the other end of, said differential piston and cylinder device, and a system for supplying operating fluid to said cylinders including a valve for directingthe fluid to one or the other of said cylinders.'

25. A shaper comprising, in combination, a column; a tool-carrying ram reciprocably mounted on said column; hydraulic means for reciprocating said ram; a pump for supplying operating fluid; a conduit system including a reversing valve connecting said pump and said hydraulic means; a rail mounted for vertical adjustment on said column; a pair of oppositely opening cylinders carried by said rail; a piston for each of said cylinders having its projecting end fixed in said column; each of said pistons having a fluid supply duct extending therethrough and having rigid connection with a duct in said column;

means for clamping said rail in adjusted position: a work supporting table slidable' on said rail; a differential piston and cylinder device mounted on said rail and operable to effect intermittent feed of said table; a hydraulic motor also mounted on said rail and operable to efl'ect rapid traverse movement of said table; a valve mounted on the rail controlling the fluid supplied to said bydraulic motor; one of said cylinders havingv a connection to said valve and to the small end of said differential piston; the other of said cylindcrs having a connection to said valve and the large end of said differential piston; a control valve mounted in said column and having a separate connection with each of said cylinders, a connection to a constant supply it operating fluid, and a connection to said reversing valve providing an intermittent supply of operating fluid; said valve being shiftable to cut oil said intermittent supply and connect said cylinders to said constant supply for effecting adjustment of said rail or rapid traverse movement of said table and to connect said constant supply to the small end of said difl'erential piston and the intermittent supply to the .large end of said diflerential piston to efle'ct intermittent feed of said table.

26. In a hydraulic actuating system, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable insaid cylinder and projecting at one end therefrom, said piston being of a diameter less than the inner diameter of said cylinder to permit communication between opposite ends of the cylinder, an inlet port at one end of said cylinder, an outlet port at the opposite end of said cylinder, a conduit connected to said iniet port, and a conduit connected to said outlet port, and a valve controlling said conduits having a first position closing said outlet conduit and directing fluid through said inlet conduit to impart a working stroke to said piston and a second position closing said inlet conduit and opening said outlet conduit to permit discharge therethrough upon a return stroke of said piston to maintain a unidirectional flow of fluid through said conduits and also said cylinder.

27. In a hydraulic actuating system, a member to be driven, a plurality or motors for driving said member at different speeds, a pump tor supplying operating fluid, a conduit system connecting said pump and said motors, and a single valve controlling the fluid supplied to the plurality of motors to render any one or more of the motors operable to vary the speed at which the member is driven.

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to be reciprocated, three motors for reciprocating said member each being or. a diflerent volumetric capacity, a pump for supplying operating fluid at a constant volume, a conduit system connecting said pump and said motors, and valve means for directing the fluid in said conduit system to one of said motors to effect movement of said member in one direction and for directing fluid to any one of the remaining motors to effect movement of said member in the opposite direction, and at any one of three speeds distinct from the speed in the first mentioned direction. j

29. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a reclprocable member, a plurality of motors for driving said member at difierent speeds, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a conduit system connecting said pump and said motors, a first valve controlling the reversal of said member, said valve in one position'directing to be reciprocated, a first piston and cylinder device, a second piston and cylinder device, and a third piston and cylinder device, each connected to drive said member and each being of a different volumetric capacity, a pump for supplying operating fluid at a constant volume, a conduit system connecting said pump and said motors, and valve means for directing the fluid in said conduit system t'oone of said motors to eflect movement of said member in one direction and for directing fluid to any one or more of the remaining motors to effect movement of said member inthe opposite direction and at any one of three speeds distinct from the speed in the first mentioned direction.

31. A hydraulically operated shaper comprising a reciprocable tool carrying ram having a forward and a return stroke, a plurality of motors for reciprocating said ram at different speeds, a pump for supplying operating fluid, a conduit system connecting said pump and said motors, and valve means for directing the fluid in said conduit system to .one of said motors to effect a stroke of said ram in onedirection and for directing fluid to any one or more of a plurality of different motors to effect a stroke of said ram in the opposite direction and at dlfierent speeds.

32. A hydraulicallyoperated shaper comprising a reciprocable ram having a forward and a return stroke, a plurality of 'reciproeable motors all of diflerent volumetric capacity for driving said ramat diflerent speeds, a pump for supply ing operating fluid, a conduit system connecting said pump and said motors, a first valve controlling the reversal of said ram, said valve in one position directing the fluid in said conduit system to only the smallest of said motors to eilect a rapid return stroke of said ram, and in anotherposition directing the fluid to a plurality of dii'- ferent motors having a larger volumetric capacity to eflect a forward feed stroke of said ram, and a second valve further controlling the fluid directed to the plurality of motors to render the, motors selectively operable to vary the speed of the forward stroke of the ram.

33. A hydraulically operated machine tool comprising a translatable tool carrier, a translatable work carrier, a reversible hydraulic motor associated with said tool carrier, a pump tor supplying operating fluid,- a conduit system connecting said pump and said motor, a reversing valve alternately directing fluid to said motor in 09- posite directions to eilect a forward and a return stroke of said tool carrier. a hydraulic motor tor driving said work carricr connected in said'co'nduit system to receive operating fluid I reversing valve directs fluid to impart a forward I stroke to said tool carrier; and meansoperative 1 during the forward stroke of saidtooloarrierto resist movement thereof toassure operationQof the hydraulic motor'for said work carrier f, to a forward stroke of said tool carrierfor. siclateral I 34. In a machine tool a column. araii ed for vertical adjustment on said shydrauiic means for adjusting said of said column comprising a cylinder carried complishing a progressive between said carriers.

driven by theother of ,sn id an automatic" fluid valve stem to: mlvmsflmd-w laid 1110- tors for continually'imparting-to one of said car- 'ri'ers a forward and areturn strokeand forinsaid two freshporthe tool. f

said rail and a piston reciprocable in said our j der and having its projecting end flxediin may column. a duct extending longitudinally f said piston, a pump for supplying operating located insaid column, and. a valve controlling the supply of fluid tosaid cylinder to govern 'vertical adjustment of the rail.

35. In s. hydraulic actuating mechanism for a machine tool. a reciprocable hydraulic motor. a pump for supplying operating fluid to said motor, a conduit system connecting said pump with said motor, and a valve in said conduit system omtrolling the flow of fluid therein and having a flrst position directing fluid to one end of said motor, and a second position directing fluid to the opposite end of said motor to eflect reciprocation thereof, said conduit system being constructed so that said valve in both positions 0on nects the system to direct allof the exhaust fluid from said motor to said pump before re-cntry of any portion thereof into said motor.

A hydraulically operated tool coinpassagedmemberfln'edinthecolumn. 40.Inamschinetool.airame,arailvertiing feed of said carrier. a second hyldraulic motor for rapid traversing said carrier. and a fluid valve systemoperableatwiiltoeii'ectseiectivelyvertical movement of said rail, feed movement oi tions' of me or;

said slidabie carrier. and rapid traverse movement of said slidable carrier.

PAUL 8. JACKSON. 

